Authors
Poonam Desai, Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy & MGM Centre of Human Movement Science, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India
Rajani Mullerpatan, Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy & MGM Centre of Human Movement Science, MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India
International Journal of Exercise Science 19(7): 7007, 2026.
DOI: 10.70252/IJES2026707
Abstract
Aging is commonly associated with decline in functional independence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). Understanding activities of daily living (ADL) profile is therefore essential for designing individualized interventions that support mobility and independent living. Present study aimed to compare ADL profiles of urban and rural older adults to inform targeted strategies for healthy aging. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,000 functionally independent community-dwelling Indian older adults, aged ≥ 60 years without comorbidities. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, while ADLs were evaluated using the Barthel Index and the Lawton and Brody Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Mean physical activity levels (MET-min/week) were 2,646 for urban older males, 1,626.2 for urban older females, 6,158.1 for rural older males and 4,914 for rural older females. Rural older adults demonstrated higher moderate and vigorous physical activity than their urban counterparts. Elderly males demonstrated higher level of physical activity than elderly females, probably due to higher overall physical function, which can enable greater engagement in moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities. However, 20% of individuals aged ≥85 years reported no physical activity. Across both settings, stair negotiation and travelling were the most affected ADLs. Although overall physical activity levels met WHO recommendations, older adults showed a progressive decline in stair negotiation ability, with the sharp decline between75-84 and >/85 years. Impaired stair climbing reduces mobility confidence, increases fear of falling, restricts outdoor participation, and contributes to social isolation and loss of independence. Hence rehabilitation strategies need to extend beyond gait training to include targeted stair training, alongside age- friendly infrastructure, to retain outdoor mobility, social participation and independence in older adults.
Recommended Citation
Desai, Poonam; Mullerpatan, Rajani (2026) “Profile of Daily Living Activities of Urban and Rural Older Adults: Specific Implications for Exercise Recommendations Beyond 60 Years,” International Journal of Exercise Science, 19(7):7007.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70252/IJES2026707